Korea Transit Guide
Back to Iksan Station

Train Timetable

Iksan Station → Gwangmyeong Station

Check departure times, arrival times, train types, and reference fares from Iksan Station (익산역) to Gwangmyeong Station (광명역).

Departure
Iksan Station익산
Arrival
Gwangmyeong Station광명
254 scheduled trainsKTXKTX-Sancheon BKTX-Sancheon A

Monday Departures

Trains from Iksan Station (익산역) to Gwangmyeong Station (광명역).

KTX#402
Departure06:14
Arrival07:24
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#474
Departure06:25
Arrival08:13
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#404
Departure06:45
Arrival07:56
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#502
Departure06:45
Arrival07:56
Fare-
KTX#472
Departure07:12
Arrival09:07
Fare-
KTX#504
Departure07:42
Arrival08:52
Fare-
KTX#406
Departure08:18
Arrival09:28
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#408
Departure09:32
Arrival10:41
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#542
Departure09:32
Arrival10:41
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#410
Departure10:22
Arrival11:18
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#506
Departure10:22
Arrival11:18
Fare-
KTX#412
Departure11:04
Arrival12:00
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#442
Departure11:36
Arrival12:39
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#414
Departure11:58
Arrival13:08
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#508
Departure11:58
Arrival13:08
Fare-
KTX#416
Departure12:12
Arrival13:21
Fare-
KTX#586
Departure13:10
Arrival14:59
Fare-
KTX#418
Departure13:59
Arrival15:09
Fare-
KTX#512
Departure14:34
Arrival15:43
Fare-
KTX#420
Departure15:00
Arrival16:08
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#588
Departure15:14
Arrival17:04
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#514
Departure15:41
Arrival16:45
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#422
Departure15:41
Arrival16:45
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#4042
Departure16:28
Arrival17:24
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#516
Departure16:34
Arrival17:43
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#482
Departure18:07
Arrival19:57
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#426
Departure18:16
Arrival19:18
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#518
Departure18:16
Arrival19:18
Fare-
KTX#430
Departure19:19
Arrival20:28
Fare-
KTX#520
Departure19:45
Arrival20:55
Fare-
KTX#432
Departure20:03
Arrival21:00
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#584
Departure20:35
Arrival22:23
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#434
Departure21:06
Arrival22:16
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#544
Departure21:06
Arrival22:16
Fare-
KTX#436
Departure21:27
Arrival22:36
Fare-
KTX#440
Departure23:01
Arrival23:57
Fare-

Tuesday Departures

Trains from Iksan Station (익산역) to Gwangmyeong Station (광명역).

KTX#402
Departure06:14
Arrival07:24
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#474
Departure06:25
Arrival08:13
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#404
Departure06:45
Arrival07:56
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#502
Departure06:45
Arrival07:56
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#472
Departure07:12
Arrival09:07
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX#504
Departure07:42
Arrival08:52
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#406
Departure08:18
Arrival09:28
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#408
Departure09:32
Arrival10:41
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#542
Departure09:32
Arrival10:41
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#410
Departure10:22
Arrival11:18
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#506
Departure10:22
Arrival11:18
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#412
Departure11:04
Arrival12:00
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#442
Departure11:36
Arrival12:39
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#414
Departure11:58
Arrival13:08
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#508
Departure11:58
Arrival13:08
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#416
Departure12:12
Arrival13:21
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#586
Departure13:10
Arrival14:59
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX#418
Departure13:59
Arrival15:09
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#512
Departure14:34
Arrival15:43
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#420
Departure15:00
Arrival16:08
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#588
Departure15:14
Arrival17:04
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#514
Departure15:41
Arrival16:45
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#422
Departure15:41
Arrival16:45
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#4042
Departure16:28
Arrival17:24
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#516
Departure16:34
Arrival17:43
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#482
Departure18:07
Arrival19:57
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#426
Departure18:16
Arrival19:18
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#518
Departure18:16
Arrival19:18
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#430
Departure19:19
Arrival20:28
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#520
Departure19:45
Arrival20:55
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#432
Departure20:03
Arrival21:00
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#584
Departure20:35
Arrival22:23
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#434
Departure21:06
Arrival22:16
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#544
Departure21:06
Arrival22:16
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#436
Departure21:27
Arrival22:36
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#440
Departure23:01
Arrival23:57
Fare30,100 KRW

Wednesday Departures

Trains from Iksan Station (익산역) to Gwangmyeong Station (광명역).

KTX#402
Departure06:14
Arrival07:24
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#474
Departure06:25
Arrival08:13
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#404
Departure06:45
Arrival07:56
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#502
Departure06:45
Arrival07:56
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#472
Departure07:12
Arrival09:07
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX#504
Departure07:42
Arrival08:52
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#406
Departure08:18
Arrival09:28
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#408
Departure09:32
Arrival10:41
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#542
Departure09:32
Arrival10:41
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#410
Departure10:22
Arrival11:18
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#506
Departure10:22
Arrival11:18
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#412
Departure11:04
Arrival12:00
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#442
Departure11:36
Arrival12:39
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#414
Departure11:58
Arrival13:08
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#508
Departure11:58
Arrival13:08
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#416
Departure12:12
Arrival13:21
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#586
Departure13:10
Arrival14:59
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX#418
Departure13:59
Arrival15:09
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#512
Departure14:34
Arrival15:43
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#420
Departure15:00
Arrival16:08
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#588
Departure15:14
Arrival17:04
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#514
Departure15:41
Arrival16:45
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#422
Departure15:41
Arrival16:45
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#4042
Departure16:28
Arrival17:24
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#516
Departure16:34
Arrival17:43
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#482
Departure18:07
Arrival19:57
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#426
Departure18:16
Arrival19:18
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#518
Departure18:16
Arrival19:18
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#430
Departure19:19
Arrival20:28
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#520
Departure19:45
Arrival20:55
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#432
Departure20:03
Arrival21:00
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#584
Departure20:35
Arrival22:23
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#434
Departure21:06
Arrival22:16
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#544
Departure21:06
Arrival22:16
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#436
Departure21:27
Arrival22:36
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#440
Departure23:01
Arrival23:57
Fare30,100 KRW

Thursday Departures

Trains from Iksan Station (익산역) to Gwangmyeong Station (광명역).

KTX#402
Departure06:14
Arrival07:24
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#474
Departure06:25
Arrival08:13
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#404
Departure06:45
Arrival07:56
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#502
Departure06:45
Arrival07:56
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#472
Departure07:12
Arrival09:07
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX#504
Departure07:42
Arrival08:52
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#406
Departure08:18
Arrival09:28
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#408
Departure09:32
Arrival10:41
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#542
Departure09:32
Arrival10:41
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#410
Departure10:22
Arrival11:18
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#506
Departure10:22
Arrival11:18
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#412
Departure11:04
Arrival12:00
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#442
Departure11:36
Arrival12:39
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#414
Departure11:58
Arrival13:08
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#508
Departure11:58
Arrival13:08
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#416
Departure12:12
Arrival13:21
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#586
Departure13:10
Arrival14:59
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX#418
Departure13:59
Arrival15:09
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#512
Departure14:34
Arrival15:43
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#420
Departure15:00
Arrival16:08
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#588
Departure15:14
Arrival17:04
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#514
Departure15:41
Arrival16:45
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#422
Departure15:41
Arrival16:45
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#4042
Departure16:28
Arrival17:24
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#516
Departure16:34
Arrival17:43
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#482
Departure18:07
Arrival19:57
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#426
Departure18:16
Arrival19:18
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#518
Departure18:16
Arrival19:18
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#430
Departure19:19
Arrival20:28
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#520
Departure19:45
Arrival20:55
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#432
Departure20:03
Arrival21:00
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#584
Departure20:35
Arrival22:23
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#434
Departure21:06
Arrival22:16
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#544
Departure21:06
Arrival22:16
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#436
Departure21:27
Arrival22:36
Fare30,100 KRW
KTX#440
Departure23:01
Arrival23:57
Fare30,100 KRW

Friday Departures

Trains from Iksan Station (익산역) to Gwangmyeong Station (광명역).

KTX#402
Departure06:14
Arrival07:24
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#474
Departure06:25
Arrival08:13
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#404
Departure06:45
Arrival07:56
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#502
Departure06:45
Arrival07:56
Fare-
KTX#472
Departure07:12
Arrival09:07
Fare-
KTX#504
Departure07:42
Arrival08:52
Fare-
KTX#406
Departure08:18
Arrival09:28
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#542
Departure09:32
Arrival10:41
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#408
Departure09:32
Arrival10:41
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#410
Departure10:22
Arrival11:18
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#506
Departure10:22
Arrival11:18
Fare-
KTX#412
Departure11:04
Arrival12:00
Fare-
KTX#452
Departure11:36
Arrival12:39
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#508
Departure11:58
Arrival13:08
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#414
Departure11:58
Arrival13:08
Fare-
KTX#416
Departure12:12
Arrival13:21
Fare-
KTX#586
Departure13:10
Arrival14:59
Fare-
KTX#418
Departure13:59
Arrival15:09
Fare-
KTX#512
Departure14:34
Arrival15:43
Fare-
KTX#420
Departure15:00
Arrival16:08
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#588
Departure15:14
Arrival17:04
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#422
Departure15:41
Arrival16:45
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#514
Departure15:41
Arrival16:45
Fare-
KTX#516
Departure16:34
Arrival17:43
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#488
Departure18:07
Arrival19:57
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#4054
Departure18:07
Arrival19:57
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#426
Departure18:16
Arrival19:18
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#518
Departure18:16
Arrival19:18
Fare-
KTX#430
Departure19:19
Arrival20:28
Fare-
KTX#520
Departure19:45
Arrival20:55
Fare-
KTX#432
Departure20:03
Arrival21:00
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#584
Departure20:35
Arrival22:23
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#4044
Departure20:35
Arrival22:23
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#434
Departure21:06
Arrival22:16
Fare-
KTX#436
Departure21:27
Arrival22:36
Fare-
KTX#440
Departure23:01
Arrival23:57
Fare-

Saturday Departures

Trains from Iksan Station (익산역) to Gwangmyeong Station (광명역).

KTX#402
Departure06:14
Arrival07:24
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#474
Departure06:25
Arrival08:13
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#404
Departure06:45
Arrival07:56
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#502
Departure06:45
Arrival07:56
Fare-
KTX#472
Departure07:12
Arrival09:07
Fare-
KTX#504
Departure07:42
Arrival08:52
Fare-
KTX#406
Departure08:18
Arrival09:28
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#542
Departure09:32
Arrival10:41
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#408
Departure09:32
Arrival10:41
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#410
Departure10:22
Arrival11:18
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#506
Departure10:22
Arrival11:18
Fare-
KTX#412
Departure11:04
Arrival12:00
Fare-
KTX#452
Departure11:36
Arrival12:39
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#508
Departure11:58
Arrival13:08
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#414
Departure11:58
Arrival13:08
Fare-
KTX#416
Departure12:12
Arrival13:21
Fare-
KTX#586
Departure13:10
Arrival14:59
Fare-
KTX#418
Departure13:59
Arrival15:09
Fare-
KTX#512
Departure14:34
Arrival15:43
Fare-
KTX#420
Departure15:00
Arrival16:08
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#588
Departure15:14
Arrival17:04
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#514
Departure15:41
Arrival16:45
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#422
Departure15:41
Arrival16:45
Fare-
KTX#516
Departure16:34
Arrival17:43
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#488
Departure18:07
Arrival19:57
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#4054
Departure18:07
Arrival19:57
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#426
Departure18:16
Arrival19:18
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#518
Departure18:16
Arrival19:18
Fare-
KTX#430
Departure19:19
Arrival20:28
Fare-
KTX#520
Departure19:45
Arrival20:55
Fare-
KTX#432
Departure20:03
Arrival21:00
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#584
Departure20:35
Arrival22:23
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#4044
Departure20:35
Arrival22:23
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#434
Departure21:06
Arrival22:16
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#546
Departure21:06
Arrival22:16
Fare-
KTX#436
Departure21:27
Arrival22:36
Fare-
KTX#440
Departure23:01
Arrival23:57
Fare-

Sunday Departures

Trains from Iksan Station (익산역) to Gwangmyeong Station (광명역).

KTX#402
Departure06:14
Arrival07:24
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#474
Departure06:25
Arrival08:13
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#404
Departure06:45
Arrival07:56
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#502
Departure06:45
Arrival07:56
Fare-
KTX#472
Departure07:12
Arrival09:07
Fare-
KTX#504
Departure07:42
Arrival08:52
Fare-
KTX#406
Departure08:18
Arrival09:28
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#542
Departure09:32
Arrival10:41
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#408
Departure09:32
Arrival10:41
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#410
Departure10:22
Arrival11:18
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#506
Departure10:22
Arrival11:18
Fare-
KTX#412
Departure11:04
Arrival12:00
Fare-
KTX#452
Departure11:36
Arrival12:39
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#508
Departure11:58
Arrival13:08
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#414
Departure11:58
Arrival13:08
Fare-
KTX#416
Departure12:12
Arrival13:21
Fare-
KTX#586
Departure13:10
Arrival14:59
Fare-
KTX#418
Departure13:59
Arrival15:09
Fare-
KTX#512
Departure14:34
Arrival15:43
Fare-
KTX#420
Departure15:00
Arrival16:08
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#588
Departure15:14
Arrival17:04
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#514
Departure15:41
Arrival16:45
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#422
Departure15:41
Arrival16:45
Fare-
KTX#516
Departure16:34
Arrival17:43
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#488
Departure18:07
Arrival19:57
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#4054
Departure18:07
Arrival19:57
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#426
Departure18:16
Arrival19:18
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#518
Departure18:16
Arrival19:18
Fare-
KTX#430
Departure19:19
Arrival20:28
Fare-
KTX#520
Departure19:45
Arrival20:55
Fare-
KTX#432
Departure20:03
Arrival21:00
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#584
Departure20:35
Arrival22:23
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#4044
Departure20:35
Arrival22:23
Fare29,600 KRW
KTX-Sancheon AKTX-산천(A-type)#434
Departure21:06
Arrival22:16
Fare-
KTX-Sancheon BKTX-산천(B-type)#546
Departure21:06
Arrival22:16
Fare-
KTX#436
Departure21:27
Arrival22:36
Fare-
KTX#440
Departure23:01
Arrival23:57
Fare-